What concept indicates that the outcomes a person receives are viewed in comparison to others?

The concept that outcomes are viewed in comparison to others is known as equity. This principle is grounded in the theory of equity, which suggests that individuals assess their own rewards (such as salary, recognition, or benefits) relative to those received by others in similar situations. People strive for fairness in their interactions and perceive satisfaction or dissatisfaction based on this comparative assessment. If an individual feels that their input-to-output ratio is inequitable compared to others, it can lead to feelings of demotivation or frustration.

In contrast, self-efficacy refers to an individual’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish tasks, which does not inherently involve comparisons to others. Valence relates to the value that individuals place on the rewards they receive, which is more focused on personal preferences than on social comparisons. Meaningfulness is the degree to which an individual perceives their work as valuable and significant, but it too does not engage with the comparative aspect that is central to the concept of equity. Thus, equity is uniquely positioned as the framework for assessing outcomes relative to others.