What does job specialization refer to?

Job specialization refers to the process of dividing tasks into specific roles to improve efficiency. This concept is key in organizational theory as it allows employees to focus on a limited range of tasks that they can perform more quickly and effectively. By specializing in certain tasks, workers can develop expertise and enhance productivity, as repetitive practice in a narrow scope leads to skill development.

In a specialized environment, each role contributes to the overall workflow, allowing organizations to achieve greater efficiency and output. This is often seen in manufacturing and other operational processes where specific jobs are designed to maximize productivity by allowing individuals to become highly skilled in particular activities.

Other options, while reflective of aspects of organizational behavior, do not accurately describe job specialization. For instance, assigning managers to multiple teams pertains to leadership and management structures rather than specialization. The development of generalist positions implies a broad skill set, which contrasts with specialization's focus on narrow expertise. Lastly, creating job descriptions, though important in human resource management, does not fundamentally capture the essence of job specialization, which is more about the division and assignment of tasks rather than merely documenting them.