What term is used to describe the ability to understand others and use that knowledge to influence them?

The term that describes the ability to understand others and use that knowledge to influence them is political skill. This concept encompasses a range of interpersonal abilities that enable an individual to effectively navigate social situations and build relationships. Political skill involves awareness of social dynamics, the capacity to read others' emotions and reactions, and the ability to influence people's behaviors and attitudes in a way that is beneficial for achieving one's own goals or the goals of the organization.

Unlike alternative dispute resolution, which focuses on conflict resolution methods, or competing, which refers to a strategy in negotiation where one party aims to win at the expense of others, political skill specifically emphasizes the nuances of interpersonal relationships and influence. Negotiation is the process of discussion aimed at reaching an agreement, which can involve various strategies including the application of political skills, but it doesn’t alone capture the broader ability to understand and influence others in diverse contexts. Therefore, political skill is the most fitting term for the ability described in the question.